Ebola virus disease (EVD), commonly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever is an uncommon but deadly disease that infects individuals. After being transmitted to people from wild animals, the virus is spread across the human population through human-to-human transmission. Ebola is a rare but deadly virus that causes fever, body aches, diarrhoea, and internal and external bleeding in certain cases. The average case mortality rate for EVD is around 50%. Case mortality rates in past epidemics have ranged from 25 per cent to 90 per cent.
Marburg virus sickness is a highly contagious disease that causes haemorrhagic fever and has a fatality rate of 88 per cent. It is related to the Ebola virus, which is responsible for the disease. Constant exposure to mines or caves where Rousettus bat populations reside causes human infection with the Marburg virus. Once a person has been infected with the virus, it can spread from person to person by direct contact.
The Ebola and Marburg viruses both live in animal hosts. Viruses can be transmitted to humans from infected animals. The viruses can spread from person to person after the initial transmission by contact with body fluids or filthy materials such as infected needles. Both viruses are indigenous to Africa, where epidemics have occurred on an irregular basis for decades.
There is currently no approved treatment for the Ebola or Marburg viruses. People who have been diagnosed with the Ebola or Marburg viruses receive supportive care as well as therapy for consequences. For the Ebola virus, one vaccination has been authorized. Other vaccinations for these fatal diseases are being researched by scientists.
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